5/10/2020
Sound bridge
Sound bridge can lead in or out of a scene
Sound bridges are one of the most common transitions in the continuity editing style
Pleonastic sound
Pleonastic sound is exaggerated sound e.g the sound of lightsabers slashing the air in Star Wars- or a tap dripping more loudly than normal in a horror film, etc.
A technique to create this kind of the sound is Foley sound
Don’t confuse this distinction between sound that is recorded in production and sound that is added in post `production! Sound effects e.g. the sound of gunfire, is often added in post-production but it is still diegetic.
Parallel sound
When the sound we hear should usually go hand in hand with the image on screen. This is known as Parallel sound.
For example, if we were to watch a horror film and we are about to witness a murder, you would accompany some dark, fast tempo music with the action.
Contrapuntal Sound
Sounds that don’t easily match the image they are accompanying, or even run against them.
This can have quite a disorientating effect upon the audience and make them question what they are seeing.
Examples: American psycho and reservoir dogs
Sound in TV an film
Sound can either:
Synchronous- that is, caused by some event on the screen, so that sound matches the action
Or asynchronous- that is, separate from the visual,such as a voice-over or dialogue from another scene.
Silence -even when there is no sound this can create an impact(although complete silence in film or TV is not commonly used)
Dialogue- the tone, pitch, and volume of actors’ of scene of how the audience relate to them.
The fixer :
Expected sound:
Creepy music
Birds
Breathing
Door shut
Bag put down
Rain
Coat arm running across it
Phone
Footsteps
Speaking
Gunshot
Cup smash
Heels on brick
Phone ringing
Falling to the floor
6/10/2020
Camera composition
Composition is arrangement and structure, and the thought behind how something has been laid out, arranged and structured within a frame.
It can be seperated into 4 sections:
Symmetry and asymetry
Rules of 3rds/thirds
Depth of field
Fore and background
Symmetry
symmetry is when the shot is equally symmetrical or balanced on both sides.Both sides look nearly identical on both sides.
Often used in filming to show order,normalness or organisation.
Asymmetry
Asymmetry the shot is equally asymmetrical or unbalanced on both sides.Both sides look different on both sides.
Often used in filming to show disorder,chaos or various objects,characters or subjects.
Rule of thirds
The rule of thirds is compositional rule in visual arts such as painting,photography,film and design.The ruke states that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal partsby two equally spaced vertical lines,and that important composition elements should be placed along these lines or their intersections.
Depth of field
This is about focus.
Shallow focus
Used to enthasis one image over the over.
Deep focus
The opposite of shallow focus.
Focus pull
Foreground and backgrounds
Thinking about where to position the subjects within the frame ,close or far away drom the camera
Like staging a play,there are layers, and this can be used for dramatic effect and emphasis,creating depth to the shot and scene.
7/10/2020
The four pillars or areas of film making
Industry and audience
Production
Distribution and market
Exhibition: cinema
Exchange: other ways we watch films e.g. netflix
Production
Making a film through all three stages:
Pre-production
(planning it-filming the production from first day to wrap)
Production
(making it-filming the production from first day to wrap)
Post-production
(editing the film-including organising the shots into a narrative,cutting the right versions(studio/director),sound dubbing/re-recording,sound affects and special effects
The value chain: the value developed
Target audience
-WW-DC comic book (75 years)
-toys and costumes
-Tv show (70s)
-Cartoons
-superman
-Wonder Woman
-WonderWoman 84 franchise
- 3rd wonder woman
-computergames
-sound track albums
-image rights
Warner brothers are a conglomerate (own multiple companies under one name)
Exhibition
Watching film
International Vs National
Distribution
Cinema
(most crucial)
Dvd and blue ray
(HMV,sainsbury’s)
Online owning and rental
(itunes,playstation,youtube etc)
Cable and network deals
(sky premier)
Subscriptions services
(netflix,Amazon prime)
TV
(BBC,ITV,E4,Channel 4,ETC)
Marketing
Raising awareness
8/10/20
TV Drama
Question1
Downtown abbey
Privilege
Time (time is specific because of titanic) + place
Social class+status
Establishing shot
Nice pad
Relationships
Age
Gender
Put it into sections
-opening
Establishing shot, bike ride, dramatic music kicks in non diegetic
Girl walks to window birds eye view,mid shot over shoulder .
Camera- tracking left to right
Establishes the setting. Nice pad : nice house.= rich social class upper class. Camera leads
audience.
Editing- long shots duration , allows appreciation
Sound- non-diegetic music calm. Diegetic bike on gravel
Mise on scene: costume,working class.
Looking down on him representing the social class.
-bell rings(downstairs where it gets busy)
Diegetic bell rings
-lordship entering (glidding down the stairs)
-delivering the news to her ladyship
9/10/2020
Question 1
12/10/2020
Mad men
Scene 1 ,Lift/elevator
Scene 2, office man’s
Scene 3, tour through office
Tracking shot
Mid shot - close up
Eyeline match with the person she is talking about
Different eye line match
Girl is not stupid
Shes not soft
Scene 4,dark
Camera
Sound
Editing
Mise on sense
15/10/2020
Presold elements
Tentpole movie
Franchise
19/10/2020
Production stage of film
Role of producer:
Person who is in the middle of everything
Gets cast together has good ideas
Ontropounor in the middle of it
Really important that producer can look at the bigger picture .how it is going to go.
Make everything possible logistically
Most important person
4 stages
1.Developing it
2.Raising the money
3.planning
4.Staffing key rolls
Pre production:
Development
Finance
Planning
Staffing key roles
Production:
Budget+dead lines
Post production:
CGI, editing, sound etc
Distribution
The idea of script
Good story well told
Explores an idea
Have interest in topic
Writers reference
Blue print for the director to takre one step farver
Beginning +middle +end
Creative
The package
Carefully plan who will be in the film
Screen play written
Key crew on board director producer
This has to be in place before financing
pitch an idea
developement deal
the package ‘script ,actors ect’
’green light’ start it
Pre sold elements check meaning
Attracting investment
Investment
Chanel 4 , BBC etc
regional
financiers/ investment
forgien investment
-independent is usually multi-partner
Planning
-location work our hardest scenes to film and work with that first
-collabrative process
Budget
-investment
-draw a finance plan
-break down the script into sections to work out cost
-extras
Above an below the line
Above the line: talent creative, cost producers ,directors script writers
People who are going to make it
Above the line cost :biggest expenses how much to pay director and main actors etc.
Below the line cost : extras, coffees ect
Audience
4/11/2020
3 step plan
Question:
How is meaning created through camera and mise en scene?
-camera shots,angles,movements and composition
-editing
-sound
-mise en scene
Which basically means you need to write about:
a.) what meanings you have taken from the extract
E.g. How do the characters relate to each other, whose side are you on,who has the status/power, where is the action based,how do you feel about what happens etc. YOU NEED TO FOCUS ON MORE THAN ONE AREA OF MEANING.
AND
b.) How has the director achieved this?? - camera, editing,sound, mise en scene
Summarise they overall intention of the director and the overall meanings you have taken from the whole extract of their work.Are they employing positive or negative representations, using stereotypes,binary opposition,how do they position the audience,
9/11/2020
Hustle
Camera, editing, mise on scene, sound
Scene 1, girl shopping for dress
Dialogue is done to ensure we don't like the owner of the shop, so we feel bad for the woman. We as an audience are not feeling sympathy for the shop owner when he gets hustles. Woman with blonde hair uses dialogue to show herself to be an upper-class wife.
Scene 2, Men talking
Quick cut transition to a mid-shot of two men one wearing a suit at a bar drinking liquor, such as whiskey and smoking presenting the characters to be upper-class in a gentlemen’s club.
The camera transitions to an over the shoulder shot of the men drinking while discussing a burglary at a stately home, the man in the suit is the only character predominately speaking throughout this scene this suggests that he is hustling the other man and testing the response to an unethical circumstance. Diegetic dialogue is heard between the two characters and diegetic sound of arms and drinks being placed on table is heard. Before the wipe transition the man in the suit freezes and points at the screen this is done to indicate at the waiter to bring more drinks. The second scene of the men talking is a long short and long duration shot, this is done by the director to show the audience that the hustle is going to plan.
2 guys in the bar some kind of gentle men’s club. Smoking in the bar. Stereotype create gentlemen.
Burglary at a stately home, inside job
Mid shot of two men to show their location being a gentleman’s club
Over the shoulder mid-shot
Freeze before wipe transition
Sound: diegetic dialogue and parallel sound when arms are moving fabric rubbing
Testing guys response to unethical circumstances.
Long shot of the men to show that the hustle is going to plan as they are building trust
Upbeat music.
Scene 3, ring lost
Over the top panic, light-hearted fast pace music. Breaks the fourth wall this brings the audience in on the scam. Smooth talker new money bit of a geezer the guy, trying to play on levels. It’s in my hand what you going to do about it camera over the shoulder shot is used to assert dominance.
Scene 4, man gets hustled, ring found
The fourth wall, broken again.
Scene 4, well done achieves $1,500
Brown-haired woman is the blonde from the beginning
13/11/2020
Hollywood Independent film
-pre-sold elements -less funding
-integration -find distribution deals
-genre(generic safe) -freedom
-converging onto different platforms -different release models
(selling same product on different ways -talent
E.g netflix,amazon prime) -specifically targeted audiences
-marketing budgets -niche audience
-high concept films:A list -strong narrative/script
Stars,huge budgets,CGI, stunt sequences,
special effects
23/11/2020
How far does media ownership affect consumption in the media area you have studied?
Ownership question, said ownership on the question.
AT&T
Warner Brothers pictures Belstone productions
Warner Brothers Pictures are a major, Hollywood film production and distribution company.
Consumptions: marketing , distribution,exhibition,exchange. Could have the potential to talk about production.
Tentpole movie: Tentpole movie is a product whose investment is intended to bring returns/profits that will support/cover any losses that financial year.
Means every year 2-3 films that are heavily invested in ,holds up the business.
Tentpole is there to ensure the company and pay for smaller films that may not do as well.
24/11/2020
How far does media ownership affect consumption in the media area you have studied?
If it is a big or small company ( a company owned by more companies)
If it is well known or not e.g. Warner Brothers and Belstone
Vertical and horizontal intergration
World wide spread dependent on contacts
More material capital in bigger companies
Less distribution with less material capital
More online steaming acces with bigger companies as they can afford it
Companies like belstone pictures are more likely to sell on dvd to a more niche audience
The overall answer will be the conclusion: heavily influences
The film industry is dominated by the Hollywood film studios whose global products reach mass audiences and make huge profits. Companies such as Disney. Warner Bros Pictures and Sony release generic, franchise movies target a mass audience,often cashing in on the pre-sold elements of existing texts and characters. However, this is only a segment of film industry output and as there are many small, independent film companies also fighting for a place in the market.
30/11/2020
Saul and Elain Bass
Style is substance
Do less for more
3/12/2020
Developing ideas
8/12/2020
Piracy
Piracy is the biggest threat to the U.S. motion picture industry.
In 2004, the MPA commissioned a study to provide an accurate and detailed assessment of the film industry’s worldwide losses to piracy and the demographic profile of those engaging in piracy.
The major U.S motion picture studios lost $6.1 billion in 2005 to piracy worldwide.
80 percent of those losses resulted from piracy overseas, 20 percent from piracy in the U.S.
62 percent of the $6.1 billion loss result from piracy of hard goods such as DVDs, 38 percent from internet piracy.
Piracy rates* are highest in China (90 percent), Russia (79 percent) and Thailand (79 percent).
The worldwide motion picture industry, including foreign and domestic producers, distributors, theaters, video stores and pay-per-view operators, lost $18.2 billion in 2005 as a result of piracy.
The typical pirate is age 16-24 and male. 44 percent of MPA company losses in the U.S. are attributable to college students.
$3.8 billion was lost to hard goods piracy, defined as obtaining movies by either purchasing or acquiring an illegally produced VHS/DVD/VCD through a commercial source, or making illegal copies for oneself or receiving from a personal source (friend or family) an illegal copy of a legitimate VHS/DVD/VCD.
$2.3 billion was lost to internet piracy, defined as obtaining movies by either downloading them from the Internet without paying or acquiring hard copies of illegally downloaded movies from friends or family.
China and Russia have the highest piracy rates of all countries surveyed – 90 percent and 79 percent, respectively
Mexico and the UK are free markets resulting in higher revenue for the U.S. motion picture industry.
230,000 lost jobs
126.7 billion illegal online viewings of US-produced TV every year.
26.6 billion illegal online viewings of the us produced films.
42% of software downloaded illegally
Costs film+ TV industry an estimated 29billion$ a year
piracy stats, 43% of pirates in the UK are women (estimated 43% loss to piracy in UK Wonderwoman
Superhero movies the most pirated in 2019
Uk estimated over 1 billion pounds lost in revenues
https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/files/MPAstudy.pdf
Imax
1,500 screens in the world in other 80 countries
Bigger camera, bigger film= more pixels per frame, incredible depth of picture on a screen
The most important money-making time of a film is the box office opening.
Encourage as many people on that day. More money on those tickets. Boosting opening office figures.
9/12/2020
media production, film industry technology.
Question 2
.written exam: you answer one question from a choice of two,about the film industry.
.IN section B, we investigate the intuitions and audiences of Hollywood and the British industry.students developer case studies
question: evaluate the role of digital technology, in the marketing and consumption of products in the media area you have studied.
- Production
- Marketing
- Distribution
- Exhibition
